Reed switch is basically electronics device which consists of read contacts. It was first time used by a scientist Bell. Reed switch consists of two electrical contacts which are normally open. These electronics electrodes are made of copper or other electrically conductive materials. Normally these contacts are open. When we bring a magnet close to reed switch, these contact becomes close. So normally it will act like a open circuit and when it is place inside a magnetic filed it will act like close circuit by making contacts short with each other. ....

In this post , you will learn how to interface Joystick module with pic microcontroller. Do you want to add three dimensional control in your project? If yes then this Joystick module interfacing post will be very useful for you. Because the joystick we are using provide three dimensional control in x-axis, y axis and Z-axis. There are many applications of Joystick. It is used in robotic projects to control direction and rotation of a robot. Joystick module We are using in this post is available in very less price. ....

mercury tilt switch is basically like an electrical switch which open turns on and turns off when mercury tilt sensor is tilted at a certain angle. Mercury tilt switch has liquid mercury inside it and there are two electrodes as well. When we tilted it in a specific direction, liquid mercury makes the electrical connection between two electrodes and five volt signal appears at the output of mercury tilt switch ....

The sensitivity material used in MQ-2 smoke sensor is SnO2. It offers low conductivity in air when there is no gas present in air. If there is a combustible gas presence in the air, MQ-2 gas sensor offers high conductivity. The conductivity depends on the concentration of gas presence in the air. The sensor module we are using in this post has on board electronics circuit as well which converts this change in conductivity to a output voltage of the sensor. So we will using this output voltage as reference to assure presence or absence of gas in air ....

Rain detector circuit is designed using this simple rain sensor module. As I mentioned at the start of article rain sensor module is used to detect rain and it can also be used to detect intensity of rain. Picture of rain drop module is shown below. It consists of two parts. One is electronic part which is used to adjust the sensitivity of this module and also provide output in the form of analog voltage. I will explain later how the output of this sensor works with respect to rain intensity ....

Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69 or HL-69 interfacing with pic microcontroller, In this post you will learn how to interface Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69 or HL-69 with pic microcontroller? How to measure soil moisture using these low price sensors and how to display these measured values on liquid crystal display. Soil moisture sensor is also know as hygrometer. It is used to measure the humidity level of moisture or it is used to measure the moisture content in soil. You can also use it to measure water level by using multiple moisture sensors. ....

In this post, I am using PIC16F877A microcontroller which is a 8 bit microcontroller and belong to to mid range family of pic microcontrollers. I am using Mikro c for pic compiler to write code and Pic kit 3 is used to upload code to pic microcontroller. I am using a pic microcontroller development board. But you can make this circuit on bread board as well. So let’s start with basic introduction of flame sensor ....

RGB LED basically a same as light emitting diode. But it emits red, green and blue lights. It consists of three leds and they are a combination red, green and blue. so whenever voltage applied to red terminal ,red light will emit and similarly when voltage applied to Green and blue terminal green and blue lights respectively ....

In this post, I will show you how to interface DHT11 humidity sensor with pic microcontroller and how to measure temperature and humidity with DHT11 sensor. DHT11 is a low cost and accurate sensor. It can be easily interfaced with pic microcontroller by using only one input/output pin. In this post, first we will collect temperature and humidity data from DHT11 sensor and after that we will display this data in 16 x 2 liquid crystal display. You may also like to check an article on how to interface DHT11 sensor with Arduino to measure humidity and temperature. So let’s first understand the working and other features of DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor. ....

PIR sensor interfacing with pic microcontroller, In post you will learn how to interface by sensor with pic microcontroller. it will be a step by step guide for how to make a Motion detector circuit using PIR sensor and pic microcontroller. Pir sensor has many applications like motion detection burglar alarm and many other applications ....

So let’s start with introduction to LDR or light dependent resistor. Figure of light dependent resistor is shown below. LDR has two Terminal Like a normal resistor. but this is not a normal resistor it is a light dependent resistor whose resistivity changes with the light intensity. as mentioned earlier, resistance of LDR decreases with the increase of intensity of light and similarly resistors of LDR increases with decrease of intensity of light. let’s see how we can use light dependent resistor to measure intensity of light. We have connected one terminal of LDR with ground and other terminal of LDR is connected with 10k ohm resistor and same terminal terminal is connected with analogue to digital converter of pic microcontroller. ....

dspic30f2010 input output ports registersEvery single port stick have three registers specifically related with the activity of the port stick. These three are:TRISx (Data Direction register)LATx (I/O Latch register)PORTx (I/O Port register)Every input and output pin upon the device has a related bit in the TRIS, PORT, and LAT. ....

There is a specification of X and Y in dsPIC30f2010 Microcontroller that these are device specific and could not be altered by their users. While overhead free circular buffer are supported in both X and Y address space.The core maintenance Inherent, Relative, Literal, Register Offset, Register Direct, Register Indirect, Literal Offset Addressing Modes. Most of the instructions are related to the predefined Addressing modes and depending upon their functional specifications.In most of the instructions, core is clever enough to run a program data memory read, a data memory write, and an instruction memory read per its instruction cycle ....

PWM is used to generate a analog signal with the help of digital signal. It has been used in many applications like communications , power electronics project and electrical projects. PWM has two main components one is time period and other one is duty cycle. Duty cycle is also known as the width of PWM. Figure below shows a PWM of amplitude 5 volt and timer period is 0.3 second and duty cycle is 25% which means pulse width is 25% becuase PWM is high for 25% of total time period and remains off for 75% of total time period. So in this post our objective is to find a method to calculate the pulse width of any pwm without knowing about its time period. So now lets see how we can do it. ....