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MXPlank News Letter - 2021-12-03







Spiral galaxy M81






This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope photo shows the majestic spiral galaxy M81.

In the midsts of this galaxy is the supernova 1993J which was recently found to have a companion star which had been hidden in the glow of the supernova for 21 years. The location of the supernova can be seen in the annotated version of this image.

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Credit:
NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)








Comparison of WASP-121b stratosphere with brown dwarf atmosphere






This diagram presents evidence for the existence of a stratosphere on a planet orbiting another star. As on Earth, the stratosphere increases in temperature with altitude. The water emissions from the Jupiter-sized planet's upper atmosphere show this. The results are in marked contrast to the spectrum of a failed star, a brown dwarf, which shows water absorption because the atmosphere is cooling with altitude increase.

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Credit:
NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)








Star devouring a planet (artist's impression)






This is an artist's concept of the exoplanet WASP-12b. It is the hottest known planet in the Milky Way galaxy, and potentially the shortest lived. The planet is only 3.2 million kilometres from its sunlike parent star — a fraction of Earth's distance from the Sun. Gravitational tidal forces from the star stretch the planet into an egg shape. The planet is so hot that it has puffed up to the point where its outer atmosphere spills onto the star. An accretion bridge streams toward the star and material is smeared into a swirling disc. The planet may be completely devoured by the star in 10 million years. The planet is too far away for the Hubble Space Telescope to photograph, but this interpretation is based in part on analysis of Hubble spectroscopic and photometric data.




Credit:
NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)










Exomoon orbiting its planet (artist’s impression)






This artist’s impression depicts the exomoon candidate Kepler-1625b-i, the planet it is orbiting and the star in the centre of the star system. Kepler-1625b-i is the first exomoon candidate and, if confirmed, the first moon to be found outside the Solar System.

Like many exoplanets, Kepler-1625b-i was discovered using the transit method. Exomoons are difficult to find because they are smaller than their companion planets, so their transit signal is weak, and their position in the system changes with each transit because of their orbit. This requires extensive modelling and data analysis.















Credit:
NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)