The watchdog timer consists of several type of control registers such as OPTION_REG, that contains different types of configure and control bits’ like TMR0 pre scaler or WDT post scaler, INT the external interrupt, TMR0 and weak pulls up on PORT B. All the bits are readable and writable. ....

Some special bits that can only be modified at the time of programming are called configuration bits. Configuration bits specify some of the operating modes of microcontroller. These bits are “read” during the reset and enable or disable the hardware features of microcontroller ....

In a pic microtroller MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY an internal circuit is used, that is called oscillator for generating the device clock, which is required for executing the instruction and peripherals of the function. For generating the one internal instruction four clock (TCY)periods are used. The internal oscillator might have up to eight different modes. There are two modes, which are used to allow the RC internal oscillator clock out (CLKOUT) to drive the I/O pins or these modes allow the I/O pin to be derive the general purposes instruction. These modes are selected by the device configuration bits, these bits are non-volatile memory locations and their mode of operation is determined by the value written during the programming of device ....

This article explains the variety of memory types and their used in PIC microcontroller devices. This will also explain the architecture of each memory space including the examples of addressing mods and code ....

The simple relays have a wire or a coil wrapped around a magnetic core, an armature and a set of moving contacts. A magnetic field is generated as soon as the current passes through the coil. The armature is activated by this magnetic field which moves the contacts and opens or closes a connection ....

optocoupler is also called optoisolator, photocoupler and optical isolator. It is used to provide isolation between two electrical circuits. It is a electrical component which is used to transmit input signal by using light energy signals. It provides electrical coupling between input and output through light waves. Its main purpose is to avoid changing in voltages at output side to appearing at input side. Higher voltage fluctuations may damage input side electrical components. ....

Unlike parallel communication, where several bits are send at one time, Serial Communication is a process of transmitting data bit by bit. In this post, you will learn how to serially communicate a PC or any other device with a PIC microcontroller. You will also study the use of a communication component – UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) present within the microcontroller ....

A servo motor is a special kind of motor that operates upon the given instructions. It provides angular precision, which means,unlike other electrical motors that keep on rotating until power is applied to them and stops only when the power is switched off, the servo motor rotates only to a certain degree or until it is required to and then the motor stops and waits for the next instruction to carry out further action.Servo motors are controlled with the help of servomechanism. Its angular rotation and final movement is dictated by position feedback. The input to its control line determines the position demanded for the output shaft. ....

There are three excitation modes of a stepper motor;wave drive, full driveand half drive. In wave drive mode, only one winding is energized at a given time, whereas in full drive mode, two phases are energized at the same time. The number of steps, however, are same in both wave and full drive modes. Half drive mode combines both wave drive and full drive i.e. it energizes one and two phase alternatively. ....

In this post, you will learn a very simple method of interfacing a keypad with PIC microcontroller. Before we begin with the lesson of keypad interfacing, it is assumed that you know how to interface an LCD with PIC16F877A microcontroller. If you Don’t know about how to interface LCD with PIC16F877A microcontroller. ....

For example, when we want to drive an external device such as an LED with Pic microcontroller, the GPIO will be used as a digital output pin. Similarly, when we want to sense an external signal such as push-button, switch, digital signals with pic microcontroller, the GPIO pins will be used as a digital output pin. For example when we use keypad interfacing with a microcontroller or we use a switch with a microcontroller we use pins as input. ....

This post is designed for beginners who are new to the world of Microcontrollers, to provide a little know-how about the technology. PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) family is popular among students, hobbyists and also industrial developers due to its low cost, serial programming capability and its ease of availability. The 8-bit PIC microcontrollers are divided into four large families based on their built-in special features:PIC10FXXX series, PIC12FXXX series, PIC16FXXX series, PIC18FXXX series ....

In this tutorial, we will learn to interface MPU6050 MEMS module with Pic microcontroller. Firstly, we will see an introduction of MPU6050 such as pinout diagram, pin configuration, features, specifications. At the end, we will see how to interface the MPU6050 module with Pic microcontroller. You can use any pic microcontroller which has at least one I2C interfacing port. 

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